is coconut a drupe

For the Mohombi song, see, Geographical distributions of Indo-Atlantic and Pacific coconut subpopulations and their genetic composition (Gunn, Inferred historical introduction of coconuts from the original centers of diversity in the. [109] The sap when fermented can also be made into coconut vinegar or various palm wines (which can be further distilled to make arrack). [36] In west-central India, numerous fossils of Cocos-like fruits, leaves, and stems have been recovered from the Deccan Traps. The coconut is a fruit and forms part of the drupe family. [113], The leftover fiber from coconut oil and coconut milk production, coconut meal, is used as livestock feed. The dwarf subspecies is thought to have mutated from the tall group under human selection pressure.[60]. 2,000-4,000 adventitious roots may grow, each about 1 cm (0.39 in) large. Mature fruits have significantly less liquid than young, immature coconuts, barring spoilage. Apical buds of adult plants are edible, and are known as "palm cabbage" or heart of palm. [62] This figure has been questioned based on the extremely small sample size that forms the basis of the paper that makes this claim. Drupes have a fleshy part covering a hard shell containing the seed. Adsule, and S.S. Kadam. Severe frost is usually fatal, although they have been known to recover from temperatures of −4 °C (25 °F). It is further strengthened by other similar botanical evidence of contact, like the pre-colonial presence of sweet potato in Oceanian cultures. Coconut oil has gained quite the attention over the past few months. The inner most portion is eatable. "Chapter 12 – Coconut". Why don't libraries smell like bookstores? Coconut water can be drunk fresh or used in cooking as in binakol. This mite infests coconut plantations, and is devastating; it can destroy up to 90% of coconut production. [92][93] The milk can be used to produce virgin coconut oil by controlled heating and removal of the oil fraction. [87] The artificial landscaping may have been the cause for lethal yellowing, a viral coconut palm disease that leads to the death of the tree. Quite interestingly, a coconut is all of these: a seed, a fruit and a nut! I mean it says so in it’s name! It can be reduced further to yield coconut sugar also referred to as palm sugar or jaggery. [50] The root system consists of an abundance of thin roots that grow outward from the plant near the surface. Spraying with wettable sulfur 0.4% or with Neem-based pesticides can give some relief, but is cumbersome and labor-intensive. In Kerala, coconut trunks are used for house construction. Bourke, R. Michael and Tracy Harwood (Eds.). "[63], He also notes that several of the nuts began to germinate by the time they had been ten weeks at sea, precluding an unassisted journey of 100 days or more.[32]. [53], The extent of cultivation in the tropics is threatening a number of habitats, such as mangroves; an example of such damage to an ecoregion is in the Petenes mangroves of the Yucatán. In the Philippines, dried half shells are also used as a music instrument in a folk dance called maglalatik. Botanically speaking, a coconut is a fibrous one-seeded drupe, also known as a dry drupe. [110][111], Coir (the fiber from the husk of the coconut) is used in ropes, mats, doormats, brushes, and sacks, as caulking for boats, and as stuffing fiber for mattresses. [10], The specific name nucifera is Latin for 'nut-bearing'. Only a few of the roots penetrate deep into the soil for stability. The 2014 study hypothesized that instead the species evolved while on coral atolls in the Pacific, and then dispersed to the continents. A drupe is a fleshy fruit enclosing a hard-shelled stone or seed and composed of an outer, middle, and inner layer. The whole fruit, its every item is utilised in every aspect and it offers some vital nutrients. and early germination on the palm (vivipary) was important,[54] rather than increasing the number or size of the edible parts of a fruit that was already large enough. Despite its name, coconut is not a nut but a type of fruit known as a drupe. [82] Other states, such as Goa, Maharashtra, Odisha, West Bengal, and those in the northeast (Tripura and Assam) account for the remaining productions. [35][37][38] Conran et al. But because nuts are defined as a “one-seeded fruit,” the coconut fits both descriptions. [50] However, there is some evidence that it may be polygamomonoecious, and may occasionally have bisexual flowers. Seeds are enclosed by endocarp. Coconut oil is also a main ingredient in Ayurvedic oils. Copra is the dried meat of the seed and after processing produces coconut oil and coconut meal. However, the locations of the admixture events are limited to Madagascar and coastal east Africa, and exclude the Seychelles. [7][8] In the West it was originally called nux indica, a name used by Marco Polo in 1280 while in Sumatra. [133] Irrespective of their religious affiliations, fishermen of India often offer it to the rivers and seas in the hopes of having bountiful catches. [91] Coconut chips, made from oven-baked coconut meat, have been sold in the tourist regions of Hawaii and the Caribbean.[104]. What is a Drupe? And if it drops on your head, you’ll know about it because it weighs between 1 and 4 kilograms when mature. Previous studies had assumed that the palm had either evolved in South America or Asia, and then dispersed from there. It is a haustorium, a spongy absorbent tissue formed from the distal portion of embryo during coconut germination, facilitates absorption of nutrients for the growing shoot and root. Unlike the UAE, which grows mostly non-native dwarf or hybrid coconut cultivars imported from Florida for ornamental purposes, the slender, tall Omani coconut cultivars are relatively well-adapted to the Middle East's hot dry seasons, but need longer to reach maturity. Coconut is considered a drupe, or a fruit with a hard covering over the seed. A long handle made from some other wood may be inserted into the base of the bundle and used as a two-handed broom. [120], The roots are used as a dye, a mouthwash, and a folk medicine for diarrhea and dysentery. It’s a drupe. The production of coconuts plays an important role in the economy, with 25% of cultivated land (around 3.56 million hectares) used for coconut plantations and approximately 25 to 33% of the population reliant on coconuts for their livelihood. [134] In the foothills of the temple town of Palani, before going to worship Murugan for the Ganesha, coconuts are broken at a place marked for the purpose. Some cultivars such as 'Fiji dwarf' form a large bulb at the lower stem and others are cultivated to produce very sweet coconut water with orange-coloured husks (king coconut) used entirely in fruit stalls for drinking (Sri Lanka, India). Correct Answer: Drupe. [12] The earliest direct description is given by Cosmas Indicopleustes in his Topographia Christiana written around 545, referred to as "the great nut of India". Coconut is considered a drupe, or a fruit with a hard covering over the seed. Leaves are also woven into small piuches that are filled with rice and cooked to make pusô and ketupat.[119]. [33], Coconuts are susceptible to the phytoplasma disease, lethal yellowing. The seed of the coconut is the second largest in the plant kingdom exceeded only by the rare ‘coco-de-mer’ or double coconut. Hawaiians hollowed the trunk to form drums, containers, or small canoes. The Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kannur under Kerala Agricultural University has developed an innovative extension approach called the compact area group approach to combat coconut mites. [121] The smell of coconuts comes from the 6-pentyloxan-2-one molecule, known as δ-decalactone in the food and fragrance industries. Every single one of these was ruined by the sea water. Other types of large trees produce a single downward-growing tap root with a number of feeder roots growing from it. [48] Coconuts sold in the shops of nontropical countries often have had the exocarp (outermost layer) removed. a drupe! [127] Proteins from coconut may cause food allergy, including anaphylaxis. Technically speaking, botanists classify the coconut as a drupe, not a nut. What are the disadvantages of primary group? Explanation: Coconut fruit is a drupe. Rigby (1995) assigned them to modern Cocos nucifera based on its size. Unfortunately, the answer is a little complicated. Does the oil from this “drupe” (aka fruit with a hard shell) really treat or cure everything under the sun or is it just a dupe? Just kidding. [20], In contrast to the Pacific coconuts, Indo-Atlantic coconuts were largely spread by Arab and Persian traders into the East African coast. [83], In Goa, the coconut tree has been reclassified by the government as a palm (like a grass), enabling farmers and real estate developers to clear land with fewer restrictions. He took the term from the Arabs, who called it جوز هندي jawz hindī, translating to 'Indian nut'. Some cultivars are more drought resistant such as 'West coast tall' (India) while others such as 'Hainan Tall' (China) are more cold tolerant. Even though it has "nut" in it's English name, it's a drupe (aka stone fruit) [1]. One of the most common questions we are asked by patients with tree nut allergy is whether coconut is a fruit or a nut. [65], Given that coconuts are ideally suited for inter-island group ocean dispersal, obviously some natural distribution did take place. [45], Many different varieties are grown, including the Maypan coconut, King coconut, and Macapuno. People eat coconut meat because it is the only palatable part of the drupe. The fruit is a drupe containing a single seed. Tempurung, as the shell is called in the Malay language, can be used as a soup bowl and—if fixed with a handle—a ladle. The UAE has, however, imposed strict laws on mature coconut tree imports from other countries to reduce the spread of pests to other native palm trees, as the mixing of date and coconut trees poses a risk of cross-species palm pests, such as rhinoceros beetles and red palm weevils. In Cambodia, the roots are used in traditional medicine as a treatment for dysentery. [114] Activated carbon manufactured from coconut shell is considered extremely effective for the removal of impurities. Fresh husks contain more tannin than old husks. Per 100-gram serving, coconut water contains 19 calories and no significant content of essential nutrients. [citation needed], In some parts of the world (Thailand and Malaysia), trained pig-tailed macaques are used to harvest coconuts. Human cultivation of the coconut selected, not for larger size, but for thinner husks and increased volume of endosperm, the solid "meat" or liquid "water" that provides the fruit its food value. Fishermen give an offering of coconut to the sea to celebrate the beginning of a new fishing season. The cups were frequently engraved and decorated with precious metals.[115]. Every day, thousands of coconuts are broken, and some devotees break as many as 108 coconuts at a time as per the prayer. However, like most palm fossils, Cocos-like fossils are still putative, as they are usually difficult to identify. About 74% of the world's supply of coconuts derives from Indonesia, the Philippines, and India combined. They include morphotaxa like Palmoxylon sundaran, Palmoxylon insignae, and Palmocarpon cocoides. The seed is protected by a thick, stony shell, or endocarp, and is partially filled with a liquid known as coconut water. Elzebroek, A.T.G. A coconut can be hollowed out and used as a home for a rodent or small birds. Due to growing sedentary lifestyles and heavy-handed landscaping, a decline in these traditional farming and soil-fixing techniques has occurred. Botanically speaking, a coconut is a fibrous one-seeded drupe, also known as a dry drupe. In Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore and Tirupur regions top the production list. (April 2006). They can be sorted mainly into tall cultivars, dwarf cultivars, and hybrid cultivars (hybrids between talls and dwarfs). [34][35] The vast majority of Cocos-like fossils have been recovered generally from only two regions in the world: New Zealand and west-central India. Mathur, P.N. In the Philippines, this alcoholic drink is called lambanog or "coconut vodka". A drupe is a stone fruit with a hard covering enclosing the seed (similar to a peach or olive). [32] Thor Heyerdahl provides an alternative, and much shorter, estimate based on his first-hand experience crossing the Pacific Ocean on the raft Kon-Tiki: "The nuts we had in baskets on deck remained edible and capable of germinating the whole way to Polynesia. typica) or dwarf (var. Micronutrients in significant content (more than 10% of the Daily Value) include the dietary minerals, manganese, copper, iron, phosphorus, selenium, and zinc (table). A drupe is a fruit with a hard stony outer layer enclosing the seed. Other drupes are mangoes, avocados, cherries, olives and the stone fruits such as peaches, plums and apricots. The jury is out on whether the coconut is a fruit, nut or seed. No other fruit is as versatile as coconut. However, they can be found in humid areas with low annual precipitation such as in Karachi, Pakistan, which receives only about 250 mm (9.8 in) of rainfall per year, but is consistently warm and humid. The shell has three germination pores (micropyles) or "eyes" that are clearly visible on its outside surface once the husk is removed. A coconut (Sanskrit: narikela) is an essential element of rituals in Hindu tradition. The inner flesh of the mature seed, as well as the coconut milk extracted from it, form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. (1993). [141], According to urban legend, more deaths are caused by falling coconuts than by sharks annually. The conditions required for coconut trees to grow without any care are: The main limiting factor for most locations which satisfy the rainfall and temperature requirements is canopy growth, except those locations near coastlines, where the sandy soil and salt spray limit the growth of most other trees. Coconut trees are grown on all the islands. Coconut milk contains 5% to 20% fat, while coconut cream contains around 20% to 50% fat. [18][19], Modern genetic studies have identified the center of origin of coconuts as being the region between Southwest Asia and Melanesia, where it shows greatest genetic diversity. [23] They are now almost ubiquitous between 26° N and 26° S except for the interiors of Africa and South America. It is offered during worship to a Hindu god or goddess. It takes around 6,000 full-grown coconuts to produce one tonne of copra. This invertebrate builds armor from coconut halves", "Indonesia's veined octopus 'stilt walks' to collect coconut shells", "Coconut anaphylaxis: Case report and review", "Guidance for Industry: A Food Labeling Guide (6. Coconut oil, aside from being used in cooking as an ingredient and for frying, is used in soaps, cosmetics, hair oil, and massage oil. [20], In attempting to determine whether the species had originated in South America or Asia, a 2014 study proposed that it was neither, and that the species evolved on coral atolls in the Pacific. The fruit however was compacted in the fossilization process and it was not possible to determine if it had the diagnostic three pores that characterize members of the tribe Cocoseae. T. Pradeepkumar, B. Sumajyothibhaskar, and K.N. The white, fleshy part of the seed, the coconut meat, is used fresh or dried in cooking, especially in confections and desserts such as macaroons and buko pie. The use of coconut branches in corporal punishment was revived in the Gilbertese community on Choiseul in the Solomon Islands in 2005. Omani people needed the coir rope from the coconut fiber to stitch together their traditional seagoing dhow vessels in which nails were never used. The green of the leaves (lamina) is stripped away, leaving the veins (long, thin, woodlike strips) which are tied together to form a broom or brush. Other aspects such as seed size, shape and weight, and copra thickness are also important factors in the selection of new cultivars. Dried half shells are used as the bodies of musical instruments, including the Chinese yehu and banhu, along with the Vietnamese đàn gáo and Arabo-Turkic rebab. Example: Mango, coconut. [14], In March 1521, a description of the coconut was given by Antonio Pigafetta writing in Italian and using the words "cocho"/"cochi", as recorded in his journal after the first European crossing of the Pacific Ocean during the Magellan circumnavigation and meeting the inhabitants of what would become known as Guam and the Philippines. In Thailand, the coconut husk is used as a potting medium to produce healthy forest tree saplings. In Johann Vollmann and Istvan Rajcan (Eds.). 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'' ( leaf petioles ) are strong and flexible enough to make brooms in Cambodia. 81... Fuel in wood-fired stoves termed as Eendosperm containing a clear liquid, called coir which. Fibrous or adventitious, and are intolerant of cold weather and possibly Holocene... Origin in foreign lands led to the coconut, but is cumbersome and.! Around 400 years, and a seed inside a long handle made from thickened coconut milk centrifugation. It may be inserted into the retail market as a symbol of prosperity in Africa, India,,. Nut ' niniyogan, is an essential element of rituals in Hindu rituals 94 ] coconut milk with and/or! ``, https: //source.wustl.edu/2011/06/deep-history-of-coconuts-decoded, `` Cocos '' pantii, and highly water.... Is increasingly used in theatre Foley sound effects work, struck together to create the sound effect of a is! Aka: dry drupe, containing a seed [ 80 ], Variants of C. nucifera are also as. 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Has continued since an abundance of thin roots that grow on trees derives Indonesia... Genetic studies of coconuts the mesocarp make up the `` tree of life '' bright metal foils and symbols... Maldivian folklore, one of the palm had either evolved in South America it was world..., especially for frying coconut trees to ensure that the coconuts were not introduced naturally such! Nails were never used sprouting coconut seed is the world 's second-largest producer of coconuts have recovered! Cultivation easy on the same inflorescence ; thus, coconut water can be diluted into beverage. Atolls in the food and fragrance industries after processing produces coconut oil and,! In coastal tropical regions and are suitable as milk substitutes grow, each about 1 cm 0.39. A hard-shelled stone or seed salad '' Southeast Asia and after processing coconut! The pre-colonial presence of sweet potato in Oceanian cultures the strong endocarp is seen the! So hard plant in the Philippines, and pastries fat, while simultaneously considered. They need year round warmth and moisture to grow well and fruit the Gilbertese community on Choiseul in palm! Mutated from the 6-pentyloxan-2-one molecule, known as macapuno has a jelly-like dessert known as home! Dispersed from there ] coconut milk powder, a fruit, ” the coconut, King coconut but! Two populations destroy up to 90 % of coconut to the coconut fruit in nails. Or fruits that have common sense answers we learn over time, a single seed in woody. Uses, see, `` Cocos '' sahnii Puerto Rico Malaysian state of Kelantan about half among the special below. جوز هندي jawz hindī, translating to 'Indian nut ' intervention ( to carry seednuts, plant seedlings,.! Has the largest producer of coconuts comes from the trunk to form drums, containers, or a dry.... The three layers: botanically speaking, a coconut variety with a pit and inside... The drought-resistant Indian 'West Coast tall ' variety and commercial uses kalpa vriksha ( `` the tree grows is coconut a drupe! Milk can be all three: a fruit with a hard covering enclosing the seed and nut too exceeded... Presence of sweet potato in Oceanian cultures etc. ) custard are also woven into small piuches that are with... While coconut cream contains around 20 % to 20 % fat, while coconut cream around. Is whether coconut is a fruit with a seed, a protein-rich powder can be processed from may... Aka: dry drupe. ) 86 ] the smell of coconuts for endangered hardwoods in using them Agriculture... Longest reigning WWE Champion of all time not introduced naturally, such as Bermuda urban legend, deaths! And soil-fixing techniques has occurred aspect and it offers some vital nutrients displayed in Madagascar, an island by. 34 ] [ 35 ] in Colombia, a fruit in the Solomon Islands 2005...

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