black wattle invasive species

http://www.arc.agric.za/institutes/ppri/main/divisions/weedsdiv/fynboselectronic/acamea.htm, Beck SL, Dunlop RW, Fossey A, 2003. CABI is a registered EU trademark. It yields bark extractives high in quality tannin, paper pulp, cellulose for rayon, charcoal, and fuelwood. Chan JM, Day P, Feely J, Thompson R, Little KM, Norris CH, 2015. The ecology and management of biological invasions in Southern Africa. Pods more or less straight but often constricted between the seeds, dark brown to blackish when ripe, finely hairy, 5-15 ×0.4-0.8 cm. In: Brown AG, Ho CK, eds. Studia Entomologica, 20(1/4):177-220, Waki K, 1984. South African Forestry Journal, No. Plantation practices in Zimbabwe, Kenya and Tanzania. The highly significant between-family variation for frost tolerance within provenances indicates the potential for selection and breeding to increase the cold-hardiness of the species (Searle et al., 1991). General Impacts. In: Brown AG, Ho CK, eds. More information about modern web browsers can be found at http://browsehappy.com/. Copyright © 2020, State of Hawaii. 2 Proceedings of IUFRO Symposium on Site and Productivity of Fast-Growing Plantations, 30 April-11 May 1984, Pretoria and Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, 907-920, Higa AR, Resende MDV, 1994. Invasive alien plant species (IAP) April 2017 A great deal of South Africa's water is used by plants that do not belong here. Cape Town, South Africa: Oxford University Press, 157-170, Doran JC, Gunn BV, 1987. lanaiense, Lanai sandalwood ('iliahi). Santalum freycinetianum var. Acacias for Rural, Industrial and Environmental Development. Technical Paper Division of Forestry, CSIRO, No. In: Brown AG, Ho CK, eds. Black Wattle and its Utilisation. Utilitarian perspective of the invasion of some South African biomes by Acacia mearnsii. It has been recorded on basalt, dolerite, granite and sandstone but is common on soils derived from metamorphic shales and slates. ; 82 ref, Weber E, 2003. Since 1995, through the Working for Water programme, the trees have been removed step by step, starting at the top of the catchment. Heredity, 20(4):609-620; 9 refs, Moncur MW, Moran GF, Grant JE, 1991. In: Brown AG, Ho CK, eds. South Africa's other bush war. ACIAR Project 8458 Report. The most significant invasion is in montane rainforest (Seburanga, 2015). Liu Min, Yang MingYu, Song Ding, Zhang ZhiMing, Ou XiaoKun, 2016. The soils are mainly loams, sandy loams, and deep forest podzols of moderate to low fertility. In: Turnbull JW ed. Acacia mearnsii De Wild. Since A. mearnsii resprouts from the roots, these should be removed (Weber, 2003), and girdling of the stem is also effective (PIER, 2007). 35, 145-150; 12 ref, Feng YouYi, Dong XiaoHui, Hu RenYong, Ke QianQian, Ding BingYang, 2010. Wallingford, UK: CABI, CABI, Undated a. CABI Compendium: Status as determined by CABI editor. Environ. Leaves are dark olive-green and also finely hairy, bipinnate; leaflets short (1.5 – 4mm) and crowded. Agroforestree Database: a tree reference and selection guide version 4.0. (2010) used A.mearnsii as a case study for a risk assessment in Wenzhou, China. NeoBiota, No.29:53-62. http://neobiota.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=7230, Logan AF, 1987. All parts finely hairy. by Brown AG, Ho CK]. (2015), however, report that plantations have decreased in eastern Africa. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 65:172-179. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00380717, Boudiaf I, Beddiar A, Roux Cle, Prin Y, Duponnois R, 2014. They report that it is changing the structure of local vegetation, increasing the probability of birds strikes at the airport. Higa AR, Resende MDV, 1994. CABI, Undated. In: Research Note - Kenya Forestry Research Institute, i + 19 pp. In Indonesia the first trials with this species started late in the 18th century. Published by The Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) a specialist Exotic Acacia species in Zimbabwe: a historical and ecological perspective. Large plantations can be found in Southern and East Africa, Brazil and India. (Acacia mearnsii De Wild). Development of black wattle (Acacia mearnsii De Wild.) Wiersum KF, 1991. Tabberabbera, Victoria, Australia. (2011) suggest that invasiveness of the tree may be related to allelopathic inhibition of seed germination of native species. Boudiaf I, Baudoin E, Sanguin H, Beddiar A, Thioulouse J, Galiana A, Prin Y, Roux Cle, Lebrun M, Duponnois R, 2013. Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). Acacia mearnsii (black wattle); flowering habit. ; 4 ref, Coppens HA, Santana MAE, Pastore FJ, 1980. Identifying climatic areas in China suitable for Acacia mearnsii and A. mangium. Wageningen, Netherlands: Plant Resources of Tropical Africa. Reading, UK: School of Plant Sciences, University of Reading. Cape Town, South Africa: Oxford University Press, 109-117, Herbert MA, 1984. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, 548 pp, Wells MJ, 1991. Impson FAC, Post JA, Hoffmann JH, 2013. Kenthurst, Sydney, Australia: Kangaroo Press, Tassin J, Médoc JM, Kull CA, Rivière JN, Balent G, 2009. Pollination studies and breeding system in Acacia mearnsii. Fruits are dark brown pods.Â, It threatens native habitats by competing with indigenous vegetation, replacing grass communities, and reducing native biodiversity, Increases water loss from riparian zones due to high transpiration rates, Cabinet-level direction on invasive species issues. The branchlets are hairy and only slightly ribbed. Black Wattle and its Utilisation. Image 5409403 is of black wattle (Acacia mearnsii ) twig(s)/shoot(s). Canberra, Australia: Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, 160-165, Ho CK, Fang YL, 1997. It favors disturbed areas, and is often found near buildings and agricultural sites. Canberra, Australia: Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, 18-27, Roux J, Kemp GHJ, Wingfield MJ, 1995. Proceedings of an International Workshop held in Bangkok, Thailand, 11-15 February 1991. In: Brown AG, Ho CK, eds. 15, 342 pp. The large quantities of litter deposited by this tree and its nitrogen fixation lead to increases in soil nitrogen and changes in nutrient cycling patterns (Weber, 2003). (2016) examine park-community conflicts in South Africa arising from initiatives to limit community access to park resources due to the need to prevent invasion of the park by A. mearnsii. USA: Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. ACIAR Proceedings, No. Florianópolis - SC, Brazil: I3N Brasil, Instituto Hórus de Desenvolvimento e Conservação Ambiental. Flowers form in large globular clusters and are pale yellow or cream colored. In more tropical areas, A. mearnsii is best grown in the highlands at 1500-2500 m with a mean annual rainfall of 900-1600 mm and mean annual temperature 12-18°C (Webb et al., 1980). ACIAR Proceedings No. Acacia mearnsii (black wattle); green (unripe) seedpods. PROTA4U web database., [ed. Seed biology of invasive alien plants in South Africa and South West Africa / Namibia. Advances in Tropical Acacia Research. A. mearnsii is recorded as being highly competitive and eventually reducing the presence of native and/or indigenous vegetation, especially in South Africa (De Wit, 2001; ISSG, 2007). ACIAR Proceedings No. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysearch.aspx, USDA-NRCS, 2004. CABI, 2005. Strifes of the frontier: an assessment of, http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/005/Y4341E/Y4341EO4.htm, http://www.worldagroforestry.org/af/treedb/, http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/cw_smith, Tassin J, Médoc JM, Kull CA, Rivière JN, Balent G, 2009. It causes a number of mainly environmental problems and is hard to control because of its ability to form root suckers. A fast-growing, nitrogen-fixing tree adapted to a wide range of sites from the temperate and subtropical lowlands to tropical highlands. Jil M. Swearingen, Survey of invasive plants occurring on National Park Service lands, 2000-2007 John Randall, The Nature Conservancy, Survey of TNC Preserves, 1995. http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html, PIER, 2015. In: Turnbull JW ed. Ulupalakua, Maui, Hawaii, USA. (2013) report that while this flower-galling midge reduces seed set to very low levels, it does not negatively affect growth of the tree and so will have no detrimental effect on the wattle forestry industry in South Africa. http://www.ildis.org/, ILDIS, 2015. International Legume Database and Information Service. In: Proceedings IUFRO Symposium on Site and Productivity of Fast Growing Plantations. Acacia mollissima) from Tamil Nadu. In: Santalum freycinetianum var. Canberra, Australia: Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, 102-117, Ho CK, 1997. It is one of the most important plant invaders of the fynbos, South Africa (Wells, 1991) and also invades pine plantations (Geldenhuys, 1986). More recently a cecidomyiid midge, Dasineura rubiformis, which forms galls in the flowers and prevents pod development was released (Impson et al., 2008). Genetic variation in frost tolerance of Acacia mearnsii. April 2006. The Black and Silver wattle rank first and third in water use by invading species, totalling 25% of the total amount, and are estimated to reduce mean annual runoff by 7% (Le Maitre et al., 2000). In: Turnbull JW, ed. Comparative study of chlorophyll content in diploid and tetraploid black wattle (Acacia mearnsii). http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/cw_smith, Stein PP, Tonietto L, 1997. > 0°C, dry winters), Mean maximum temperature of hottest month (ºC), Mean minimum temperature of coldest month (ºC), number of consecutive months with <40 mm rainfall, NatureServe; USA ESA listing as endangered species, GISD/IASPMR: Invasive Alien Species Pathway Management Resource and DAISIE European Invasive Alien Species Gateway. ; many ref, Boucher C, 1980. Uses of wattle extract: Tannin based adhesives. mearnsii is able to tolerate a wide range of sites in various climates from temperate and subtropical lowlands to tropical highlands. Function of the polyad in reproduction of Acacia. Black Wattle and its Utilisation. The invasiveness of this species is partly due to its ability to produce large amounts of long-lived seeds. III. Firewood Crops: Shrub and Tree Species for Energy Production. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 31(2):235-240. http://bbr.nefu.edu.cn, Berenschot L M, Filius B M, Hardjosoediro S, 1988. Melbourne, Australia: CSIRO Publishing, Mathura S, Fossey A, Beck SL, 2006. Canberra, Australia: Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. Hairs of new growth is golden in color. Front. Study on risk evaluation system for alien invasive plants in Wenzhou: taking Acacia mearnsii for an example. ACIAR Proceedings, No. Tropical Forestry Papers, Commonwealth Forestry Institute, University of Oxford, No. USA: Missouri Botanical Garden. The natural occurrence of A. mearnsii falls mostly in the warm sub-humid zone, extending in places to the warm humid zone. Impact of woody aliens on ecosystem properties. A. mearnsii occurs across an altitudinal range of approximately 1050 m in its native Australia, from coastal locations just above sea level to 1070 m on Mt Gladstone, west of Cooma, New South Wales.Crous et al. Cape Town, South Africa: Oxford University Press, 145-155, Kull CA, Rangan H, 2012. Insect Pests of Trees and Timber in Tasmania. http://www.ildis.org/, Impson FAC, Kleinjan CA, Hoffmann JH, Post JA, 2008. Invasive Alien Plants of Indian Himalayan Region- Diversity and Implication. Acacia mearnsii (black wattle); habit. In: World Agroforestry Centre, http://www.worldagroforestry.org/af/treedb/, PIER, 2008. In some other parts of the world, it is regarded as an invasive species. Black Wattle and its Utilisation. Acacia mearnsii, commonly known as black wattle, late black wattle or green wattle, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of an International Workshop held in Bangkok, Thailand, 11-15 February 1991. The Black Wattle (Acacia mearnsii De Wild.). by Lemmens RHMJ, Wulijarni-Soetjipto N]. Black Wattle and its Utilisation. In: Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk, USA: Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Witt A, Luke Q, 2017. Consolidated List of Invasive Alien Species of Union concern This brochure includes a short description of all invasive alien species of Union concern, offering brief, non-technical and informal summaries of their origin, their present distribution in the EU, how they threaten our native biodiversity, and how the applicable restrictions and obligations will help mitigate their negative impacts. South African Institute of Foresters, 81-90, Sun D, Zhang Z, Xiao Z, 1997. It may occur on the fringes of closed-forest and rarely in woodland and coastal scrub. ACIAR Proceedings, No. Raised glands occur at and between the junctions of pinnae pairs. Cape Town, South Africa: Oxford University Press, 77-91, Maroyi A, 2015. Due to the ability of A. mearnsii to form shady thickets and drop large quantities of litter, other plant species are frequently out-competed and floral diversity is consequently reduced where this tree becomes invasive (Weber, 2003). Self-established black wattle populations in Rwanda: implications for nature conservation. Generate a print friendly version containing only the sections you need. ACIAR Proceedings No. In: Macdonald IAW, Kruger FJ, Ferrar AA, eds. It is not common on poorly-drained or very infertile sites. In: Grey DC et al., eds. Proceedings IUFRO Symposium on Site and Productivity of Fast Growing Plantations, held 30 April-11 May 1984, Pretoria and Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Black Wattle and its Utilisation. It is only in recent years that systematic range-wide seed collections from the natural distribution area have been made to exploit provenance variation for such commercial characteristics as volume and tannin yield. 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