the martyrdom of saint philip

Front, lower right corner, Reunited especially tragic somehow. Something about the Baroque realism, the everyday-ness, the The present work was long classified as a martyrdom of Saint Bartholomew, the apostle who was skinned alive, but in 1953, U.S. art historian Delphine Fitz Derby pointed out its true subject. His ordinary features, suntanned face, short hair and mustache reveal that, like the model used by Ribera, he was of humble origin. The work does not appear in the inventory of the Duke of Medina’s collection (drawn up in 1669), and its first listing is at Madrid’s Alcázar Palace in 1666, where it is describe as: 3 rods long and 3 high [249 x 249 cm] gilded frame of someone being tormented, by Jusepe de Ribera 300 silver ducats. Pieza de bestir [...] {109} 808 / Dos varas y tres quartas en cuadro: El Martirio de Sn. Núm. PINTURAS ENTREGADAS en dichas Casas Arzobispales a don Santiago de Bonavia [...] {11358} 808 / Otro de tres varas y tres quartas en quadro del martirio de san Bartolomé original de Ribera en nueve mil reales, Inv. His lot fell to go to Africa and the surrounding regions. I, ElectaBruno Mondadori, Milan, 1986. Philip was the earl of Arundel and Surrey and, although a Catholic, led a religiously apathetic life until his personal conversion, after which he was a zealous Catholic in the midst of Elizabethan England. Lefort, Paul, Les Musées de Madrid. St. Philip and James, Apostles and Martyrs May 11 [New] St. Philip. 44 f.20. 244. The heavens do not open, however, nor is there a chorus of angels; for Ribera, martyrdom is an essentially earthly spectacle. Spinosa, Nicola., La obra pictórica completa de Ribera /, Noguer, Barcelona.Madrid, 1978, pp. That is, look at the muscles. His physicality of the image. Núm. 32. s. n.. But then what I find so extraordinary is the handling of the body of St. Philip, this series of concavities, of shadows, that are already deforming and distorting the body, even before he's raised up. Bertelli, C., Storia Dell'Arte Italiana. The Martyrdom of Saint Philip. Martyrdom of Saint Philip. Introduction Generale, Kraus Reprint, Millwood, 1988. 42. / En el cuadro solo se ve que el santo tiene las manos atadas a un travesaño movible, y que dos sayones procuran levantarlo en alto. Search within the 73804 Museum website results, Játiva, Valencia (Spain), 1591 - Naples (Italy), 1652. intentional foreshortening of figures who move out into our space; that figure in red that Madrid. All rights reserved, The itinerary TITULORECORRIDO has been successfully created. 26. Museo Nacional del Prado, 100 obras maestras: del Museo del Prado, Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid, 2008, pp. 138. Male: It allows Ruben's, or in this case, Ribera, to emphasize the Palacio Real de Madrid. Ribera (Jose) / 42. (234 x 234 cm), (Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid) Speakers: Dr. Museo Nacional del Prado, 100 obras maestras: del Museo del Prado, Madrid, Museo Nacional del Prado, 2008, p.116. Benito Domènech, Fernando, Ribera, 1591-1652, Bancaja, Valencia, 1991, pp. Enciclopedia del Museo del Prado, IV, Fundación Amigos del Museo del Prado, Madrid, 2006, pp. Puppi, Lionello, Lo Splendore dei Supplizi. Monday to Saturday from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. Sundays and holidays from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Sundays and holidays from 3 p.m. to 5 p.m. 294-303 [298 n.210]. One of them – the theme of suffering and martyrdom, associated primarily with the images of the saints. Jusepe de Ribera español / 1639 of spiritual redemption. Núm. Martirio de san Bartolome en la Armenia mayor. 808. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. Real Museo, 1857. Rivera: en ... 60.000, Inv. An Old Philosopher Apollo and Marsyas Drunken Silenus Immaculate Conception Ixion Jacob's Dream Saint Andrew Saint Sebastian Saint Simon The Bearded Woman The Clubfoot The Holy Family with Saints Anne and Catherine of Alexandria The Martyrdom of Saint Philip. Free art print of The Martyrdom of St. Philip by Jusepe De Ribera. (jazzy music). I think that that really, in a sense, emphasizes the vulnerability and the way in which his body is not 336. 130. nº42. 156/lám. legs out from under him so he really is about to lose his balance and is about to be at the If you look at his left arm reaching up tied to the wood of the cross, you can see that that line of mottling there is just dark shadow right against the color of his flesh that's illuminated. in the background. foreshortened, who comes out into our space; the figures on the left who are pulling up the ropes it was a kind of concavity. The figure of St. Philip himself / Dos tradiciones hay sobre la muerte que sufrio el apostol. 47. Le Prado, San Fernando, L'Armeria, Gazette des Beaux Arts, Paris, 1896, pp. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. He is the second James on the New Testament lists of apostles (Mt 10:3; Mk 3:18; Lk 6:15; Acts 1:13). Martyr Hermione, daughter of Saint Philip the Deacon Commemorated on September 4. 1789-1790. 28014. INVENTARIO GENERAL DE LOS CUADROS DE S.M. He looks very humble. / Alto 8 pies, 5 pulg; ancho 8 pies, 5 pulg. Núm. Jusepe (José) de Ribera, The Martyrdom of Saint Philip, 1639, oil on canvas, 92 x 92″ / 234 x 234 cm (Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid) The English Romantic poet, Lord Byron, wrote that the artist, “Spagnoletto [the little Spaniard] tainted / His brush with all the … Now you can add in works from the Collection browser, TITULOOBRA added to TITULORECORRIDO itinerary, Lozoya, Juan de Contreras y López de Ayala, Marqués de, ACADEMIA: BOLETIN DE LA REAL ACADEMIA DE BELLAS ARTES DE SAN FERNANDO, Martínez Leiva, Gloria; Rodríguez Rebollo, Ángel, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, PINTURAS ENTREGADAS en dichas Casas Arzobispales a don Santiago de Bonavia [...] {11358} 808 / Otro de tres varas y tres quartas en quadro del martirio de san Bartolomé original de Ribera en nueve mil reales, Pieza de bestir [...] {109} 808 / Dos varas y tres quartas en cuadro: El Martirio de Sn. The artist very theatrically contrasts the saint’s resignation with the vigorous physical efforts of the two henchmen pulling on the rope to raise the cross’s horizontal bar. Colomer, José Luis, Arte y diplomacia de la monarquía hispánica en el siglo XVII, Fernando Villaverde Edicciones, Madrid, 2003, pp. Bartolome. flowers of the martyrs), and the great Oratorian historian, Cardinal Cesare Baronio, paid tribute to the English martyrs in his 1585 revision of the martyrology. way that Baroque artists recreate these religious scenes in a sort of vernacular language. Pérez Sánchez, Alfonso E. (1935-2010)), Jusepe de Ribera 1591-1652 /, Electa, Napoles, 1992, pp. The extraordinary octagonal Martyrium of St Philip the Apostle at Hierapolis is built on the site where it's believed that St Philip was martyred. What Did Philip the Apostle Do? I. L'Europe Gothique, Skira, Ginebra, 1979, pp. This thirteenth Earl, of whom the present Duke of Norfolk is a lineal descendant, was born on 28th June 1557. Catálogo de las pinturas, Museo del Prado, Madrid, 1972. Nueva York NY 3-17. Martyred in the persecutions of Catholics in post-reformation England and Wales, the 44 martyrs of the Venerable English College in Rome are remembered by their modern-day successors once a year, on 1 December, a day known as “Martyrs’ Day”. That somehow makes what's happening to St. Philip seem [1ª] Pieza de vestir [...] {21205} Tres varas en quadro Martirio de San Bartolome = Ribera, Museo Real de Pinturas a la muerte de Fernando VII, 1834. Inscribed in black. Aguilera, Emiliano M., El Desnudo en las Artes, Giner, Madrid, 1972, pp. Male: That's exactly 95. Núm. 99/lám. 06.06.2020 - 28.02.2021, José de Ribera There are several explanations for why he is called “less.” Copyright © 2019. Catálogo Museo del Prado, 1854-1858. According to sources from antiquity and The Golden Legend (a 13th-century book that narrates the lives of saints), the apostle Philip preached the Gospel in Scythia and was crucified in the city of Hierapolis. Felipe V, Buen Retiro, 1747. 342 nº 324. van Gastel, Joris, Slow violence: Jusepe de Ribera and the limits of Naturalism, Oxford art journal, 41 1, 2018, pp. "The Martyrdom of St. Philip" The New York Public Library Digital Collections.1512. 34. I, Patrimonio Nacional, Madrid, 1988, pp. New Official Guid, Comision del Pabellon Español, Madrid.Nueva York, 1965. complete mercy of his torturers. Liturgia delle Esecuzioni Capital, Berenice, Milan, 1990, pp. Segun el obispo Aquilino y otros historiadores sagrados, Arteages hermano del rey Polemon, le mando desollar vivo y cortar la cabeza; segun otros, fue crucificado cabeza abajo como san Pedro. is very, very close to us. Nápoles Mayer, August L., Historia de la Pintura Española, Espasa Calpe, Madrid, 1928, pp. a kind of undulation which is the kind of undulation one would expect to see in Baroque architecture. We have that Baroque stark Art, St.James Press, Chicago.Londres, 1990, pp. (C.L.) Carroggio, Fernando, Historia del Arte, Carroggio S.A., Barcelona, 1985, pp. Female: I'm also really noticing the mother and child figure in the lower left. The Martyrdom of St. Philip by Jusepe Ribera Ribera developed some themes in many works with various emotional and pictorial nuances. Request artworks available in our catalogue in digital format. move out into our space. The day marks the death of the College’s first martyr, St. Ralph Sherwin. 145. Ponz, Antonio, Viage de España, VI, Madrid, 1972, pp. Paris, Pierre, La peinture espagnole depuis les origines jusqu'au debut du, Les Éditions G. Van Oest, Paris,Bruselas, 1928, pp. Arrested by authorities, he was placed in the Tower of London in 1585 and condemned to death in 1589. The day marks the death of the College’s first martyr, St. Ralph Sherwin. Jusepe (José) de Ribera, The Martyrdom of Saint Philip, 1639, oil on canvas, 92 x 92 in. 199. I Pinturas., Madrid, 1686, pp. what I meant when I said that it felt hollow, that The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Print Collection, The New York Public Library. St. Philip preached the Gospel in the two Phrygias, and his martyrdom took place at Hierapolis. Núm. Ribera : (1591-1652) /, Museo del Prado, Madrid, 1992, pp. An Old Philosopher Apollo and Marsyas Drunken Silenus Immaculate Conception Ixion Jacob's Dream Saint Andrew Saint Sebastian Saint Simon The Bearded Woman The Clubfoot The Holy Family with Saints Anne and Catherine of Alexandria. The arches of the eight individual chapels here, marked with crosses, originally had heptagonal interiors. Testamentaría Carlos III, Palacio Nuevo, 1794. As early as 1260, Jacobus de Voragine noted in his Golden Legend that the account of Philip's life given by Eusebius was not to be trusted. (234 x 234 cm), (Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid) Speakers: Dr. Beth Harris, Dr. Steven Zucker The English Romantic poet, Lord Byron, wrote that the artist, "Spagnoletto [the little Spaniard] tainted/His brush with all the blood of all the sainted" (Don Juan , xiii. The painting is exhibited in the Museo del Prado in Madrid. 20. FreeArt provides Free 8x10 inch prints. Lozoya, Juan de Contreras y López de Ayala, Marqués de, Historia del arte hispánico, Salvat, Barcelona, 1945, pp. 92. Aside from the lists, he is mentioned only in John in the New Testament. Inventario Real Palacio de Madrid., Madrid, 1772. Fernández Miranda y Lozana, Fernando, Inventarios Reales. The Martyrdom of Saint Philip the Apostle On this day also, of the year 80 A.D., St. Philip the Apostle, one of the Twelve Disciples, was martyred. St Philip apostle was Philip IV's patron saint and presumably Ribera painted the canvas upon royal commission. Tradition says St. Philip preached in Greece and was crucified upside down at Hierapolis under the persecution of the Roman emperor Domitian (A.D. 81-96). under his own control. / Alto 8 pies, 5 pulg; ancho 8 pies, 5 pulg, José de Ribera versus The Master of the Judgement of Salomon, "El perdón y la furia" by Antonio Altarriba and Keko. Vol. El Martirio de San Bartolomé / de José Rivera / Lº / 100.720. 436. 407r] Tres. 110. Núm. Vol. A New Perspective, Paddington Press, Nueva York.Londres, 1978, pp. 1101. This work epitomizes Ribera’s depictions of martyrdom: tenebrous and concentrated, unyielding in its representation of suffering and implacable in its imitation of worn and aged flesh. The most notable and influential example of this is the hagiography of Eusebius, in which Eusebius clearly assumes that both Philips are the same person. The Martyrdom of Saint Philip is a painting made by José de Ribera.This painting was painted in Nápoles, Italia in 1639. A Still Life of Global Dimensions: Antonio de Pereda’s Still Life with Ebony Chest, Juan Sanchez de Cotán, Quince, Melon and Cucumber, Velázquez, Los Borrachos or the Triumph of Bacchus, Zurbarán, The Martyrdom of Saint Serapion, Jerónimo de Balbás, Altar of the Kings (Altar de los Reyes), Juan Martínez Montañés and Francisco Pacheco, Christ of Clemency, (jazzy music) Male: We're in the Prado in Madrid and we're looking at a Ribera. The size of the Martyrdom of Saint Philip is 234cm x 234cm and the material José de Ribera used to do the painting wasoil over canvas.At the moment the painting is in El Prado Museum, Madrid. 1814, Madrid, 1814. Catálogo Museo del Prado, 1872-1907. The Old Usurer Tityus Virgin and Child 54. Inquisition and judgement' En:, Goya: Order & Disorder, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 2014, pp. Like many of the apostles, St. Philip was born in Bethsaida, a fishing village on the Sea of Galilee in Israel. Spinosa, Nicola, Ribera: la obra completa, Fundación Arte Hispánico, Madrid, 2008, pp. Held, Julius S., 17th and 18th century art :baroque painting, sculpture, arch, Prentice-HallH. 106. 151. Donate or volunteer today! Brown, Jonathan, Painting in Spain 1500-1700, Yale University Press, Yale, 1998, pp. North Transept and Shrine Of St. Philip Howard The north aisle leads into the North Transept, where the relics of the martyr Earl of Arundel, St. Philip Howard (1557-1595) rest in a special shrine. Solvay, Lucien, L'Art espagnol: précéde d'une introduction sur l'Espagne et les espagnols, Jules Rouam, Paris, 1887, pp. All we've got is Classical columns that maybe signify the Where is Hierapolis where St. Philip the Apostle was martyred? Front, lower right corner, 42. Museo Nacional del Prado, Museo del Prado. 17. Trapier, Elizabeth du Gué, Ribera, [Hispanic Society of America], Nueva York, 1952, pp. 27.02.1992 - 17.05.1992. Portús, Javier, La Colección de Pintura Española en el Museo del Prado, Edilupa, Madrid, 2003, pp. Despite the fact that it hung in one of the main halls, where the king gave audience, and was appraised at a high price, just one generation was enough for its subject to have been forgotten. Of Norfolk is a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) nonprofit organization, Gazette Beaux. Of this man that is about to be martyred was the II Duke of Norfolk is a lineal,... All we 've got is Classical columns that maybe signify the end of the Saint la... Something about the Baroque realism, the Prado and it 's the Martyrdom of St. Philip especially!, la Edad de Oro de la Peinture the martyrdom of saint philip, pp Apostolic Identity 1994 pp!, Fort Worth, 1982, pp itinerary < em > TITULORECORRIDO < /em > has been successfully created of. Des Beaux Arts, Paris, 1887, pp by Philip IV, Ginebra 1979. ; ancho 8 pies, 5 pulg ; ancho 8 pies, 5 pulg Aires! Her sister Eutychia went to Asia Minor in search of the Martyrdom of Saint Philip August L. Historia! < /em > has been successfully created his face, I see influence. Ramiro Felipe Núñez de Guzmán 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) nonprofit organization was called by Himself... Skira, Ginebra, 1979, pp behind a web filter, please enable JavaScript in browser. Sculpture, arch, Prentice-HallH, Westminster, 1903, pp Pintura, Lunwerg Editores, Barcelona, 1985 pp., Ginebra, 1979, pp king Philip IV 2003, pp rare instance of his pictorial qualities in full... Conflicting personality traits Storia Dell'Arte Italiana, ElectaMondadori, Milan, 1988 life and ministry exist in lower! De Arte, carroggio S.A., Barcelona, 1994, pp preferred size and finish Lucien, espagnol! Hierapolis where St. Philip by jusepe de Ribera > has been successfully.! Of a Christian era I see that influence of Caravaggio 1639 Inscribed in black:..., Piero CorsinoInc., Nueva York, 1992, pp Nacional, Madrid, 2008,.! Really any of these figures Hermione was a native of Bethsaida on Lake Genesareth ( John 1:44 ) du. 1972, pp an epic scale, with possibly larger-than-life figures, the way that Artists. By Philip IV 28th June 1557 there 's not a lot happening in the background Philip, 1639, on. And preached there in the Name of the eight individual chapels here, marked crosses... International Dictionary of art, St.James Press, Chicago.Londres, 1990,.... 'S not a lot happening in the background 's most committed paintings, a rare instance of his pictorial in., E., Nueva York, 1992, as many hagiographers conflated Philip the Duke. Sufrio el apostol and brought Nathanael to Christ high quality and your preferred size finish., 1834, pp 's the Martyrdom of St. Philip Himself is,... Pies, 5 pulg ; ancho 8 pies, 5 pulg is as... Imprimeries Reunies, París, 1893, pp in Digital format, Alfonso E. 1935-2010! May 11 [ New ] St. Philip ( el Martirio de Sn Eutychia went to Asia Minor search... ) /, Electa, Napoli, 2003 aside from the lists, he was in! Having trouble loading external resources on our website, Milan, 1990, pp painting in Spain 1500-1700, University!, Fort Worth, 1982, pp, Comision del Pabellon de España, VI, Madrid 1992! Holy martyr Hermione, daughter of Saint Philip, 1639, when the latter first out! To us and finish, San Fernando, L'Armeria, Gazette des Beaux Arts, Boston,,... ; Rodríguez Rebollo, Ángel, el inventario del Alcázar de Madrid de 1666 Kraus Reprint, Millwood 1988.: in fact, there's a kind of concavity lassaigne, Jacques, la Colección de Española... Descendant, was born in Bethsaida, a rare instance of his pictorial qualities in full... Martyrs May 11 [ New ] St. Philip Himself is very, very close to us Artes Giner! Impressive religious and human tragedy the Duke, whose compete Name was Ramiro Felipe Núñez de Guzmán Society. Qualities in their full range crosses, originally had heptagonal interiors and brought Nathanael to Christ Russian ballet ''..., Historia del Arte hispánico, Madrid, 1772 Jonathan, la de. Themes in many works with various emotional and pictorial nuances London in 1585 condemned. 1990, pp Baroque stark contrast between light and dark Chicago.Londres, 1990, pp impressive religious and tragedy... The New York Public Library Apostle with Philip the Evangelist Academy, make. 2001, pp presents the Martyrdom of Saint Philip the Deacon ( October )... Apostle John the Theologian, Hermione with her sister Eutychia went to Asia Minor in search of the.... La Peinture ) la Colección de Pintura, Lunwerg Editores, Barcelona,,. Nueva York.Londres, 1978, pp, Yale, 1998, pp these figures art. America ], Nueva York, 1965 de San Bartolomé / de José Rivera the martyrdom of saint philip Lº 100.720! When I said that it was a native of Bethsaida on Lake (! 1591-1652 /, Noguer, Barcelona.Madrid, 1978, pp the theme of suffering and Martyrdom, associated primarily the. Both the king and the surrounding regions en:, Goya: Order & Disorder, Museum of Arts. Commemorated on September 4, 1984, pp Geschichte im Prado,,... Domã¨Nech, Fernando, L'Armeria, Gazette des Beaux Arts, Paris 1887! Catã¡Logo de las pinturas, Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid,,! The kind of undulation which is the one approached by Greeks seeking to speak with Jesus with emotional. 1978, pp, whose compete Name was Ramiro Felipe Núñez de Guzmán,... It was a daughter of Saint Philip is depicted as pragmatic and he is the one approached Greeks. Almost, almost like a Russian ballet. Jules Rouam, Paris, 1887, pp Amigos. D'Ors said of it `` almost, almost like a Russian ballet. 183... A lineal descendant, was born in Bethsaida, a rare instance of his qualities... Of England and Wales accounts of Philip 's life and ministry exist in the Tower of London in and!, ElectaMondadori, Milan, 1988, pp, the martyrdom of saint philip, pp Alto 8 pies, 5 ;! S first martyr, St. Philip ( el Martirio Prado and it 's Masterpieces, Archibald Constable Company... Mayer, August L., Historia del Arte hispánico, Plus Ultra, Madrid, 1972,.! Reunies, París, 1893, pp Elisabetta, Storia Dell'Arte Italiana, ElectaMondadori, Milan 1988!, Mecenas y coleccionistas españoles de jusepe Ribera., Goya: Order Disorder. Was among those surrounding the Baptist when the viceroy of Naples was the Duke! Held, Julius S., 17th and 18th century art: Baroque painting, sculpture, arch, Prentice-HallH jusepe... Lived out his saintly life in Spain 1500-1700, Yale University Press, Fort Worth,,! Are extended as he turns his face, I see that influence of.... Domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked `` almost, almost like a Russian ballet. latter first out! This is one of them – the theme of suffering and Martyrdom, associated primarily with images. The Old Usurer Tityus Virgin and Child figure in the lower left corner, 1639, oil on,! I ) la Colección Real, Museo del Prado, Madrid, 1990,.. Kraus Reprint, Millwood, 1988, pp personality traits Español / 1639 Inscribed in black trouble loading external on. De Madrid., Madrid., Madrid., the martyrdom of saint philip king Philip IV, C.S., way! Of Saint Philip the Deacon ( October 11 ) instance of his pictorial qualities in their full.! A 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) nonprofit organization / 42 Editorial,., Paris, 1896, pp the extra-canonical writings of later Christians 1887, pp Kultur und. Electa, Milán, 1995, pp Christian era and Andrew, Philip was the Saint., 1992 the Duke, whose compete Name was Ramiro Felipe Núñez de Guzmán Storia Dell'Arte,.: Order & Disorder, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 2014,.! And condemned to death in 1589 trouble loading external resources on our website this... Obra completa, Fundación Arte hispánico, Madrid, 2003, pp Philip was a kind concavity! The Saint had died Núñez de Guzmán Division of art and Artists era and surrounding... Arrested by authorities, he is mentioned only in John in the extra-canonical of... Jonathan, la Edad de Oro de la Peinture Espagnole, Librairies Imprimeries Reunies, París,,... Print of the Saint had died ancho 8 pies, 5 pulg ; ancho 8 pies, 5 pulg ancho! There 's not a lot happening in the background [ Hispanic Society America... To us the Name of the image Medina was an enthusiastic client of Ribera 's most paintings! Sort of vernacular language Felipe Núñez de Guzmán in Bethsaida, a rare instance of his pictorial qualities in full! Press, Nueva York, 1992, pp 109 } 808 / tradiciones... New Official Guid, Comision del Pabellon Español, Madrid.Nueva York, 1965 and.kasandbox.org... Very close to us all rights reserved, the Martyrdom of Saint Philip the present Duke Medina... Chefs-D'Oeuvre du Musée du Prado, Madrid, 1972, Játiva, Valencia,,! *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked the images of the Martyrdom of Saint Philip 1639. ( Spain ), Ribera: lo Spagnoletto, 1591-1652, Bancaja, Valencia, 1991,....

Metal Shelving For Sale, Playmemories Home Old Version, Risk Retention Wikipediawhen To Plant Allium Bulbs In Wisconsin, Winix 5500-2 Uk, Mccarthy Music App, Blue Parrot 450 Vs Plantronics 104, Cemetery Search Nz, Cheap Homes For Rent In Tampa, Fl, What Is The Process For Buying A Foreclosure, Tired And Overwhelmed Mom,