phosphine gas formula

As exposure deadens the sense of smell, do not use smell to determine phosphine concentration. Structure of Phosphine: PH 3 is a trigonal pyramidal molecule. Phosphine Compounds Transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling is an efficient tool for constructing C–C, C–N and C–O bonds in organic synthesis. It could be geological, chemical, or biological processes that are producing the observed phosphine. PH4I is heated with KOH or NaOH, pure phosphine is obtained. The Universe is out there, waiting for you to discover it. Heating phosphine c… It exists in large quantities in the atmospheres of the gas giants Jupiter and Saturn. we detail what the absorption signature of the molecule in question (phosphine) would look like. This chemical reaction is as follows: metallic phosphide + 3H 2 O > metallic (OH) 3 + phosphine gas. phosphine in the Venusian atmosphere. As we already mentioned, this chemical plays an important role in the phosphorous biochemical cycle. Some ... [+] ~60 kilometers up, however, Earth-like conditions in terms of temperature and pressure exist all over the planet. It is extremely toxic gas. In this method, phosphine is prepared by hydrolyzing white phosphorus with a concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide. The phosphine kills the rat (2). So if it’s not life that’s causing the phosphine, what actually is responsible? What is the phosphine distribution? And, this gas spontaneously burns in air, producing a luminous flame. (3,6) Phosphine occurs as a colorless, flammabl 3 e gas that is slightly soluble in water. Furthermore, this compound is a toxic gas. Although microbes are a fascinating possibility, the smart betting money is on geochemical production instead. Phosphine | PH3 - PubChem. It could be geological, chemical, or biological processes that are producing the observed phosphine. Its brightness is greater than ... [+] that of any other planet as seen from Earth, and it approaches our world closer than any other planet does. The unpleasant odor arises due to the presence of substituted phosphine and diphosphane. (1-3,6) In its purest form, phosphine is almost odorless, but its commercial grade has a disagreeable, garlic-like So far, we only have the detection at one particular wavelength, but multiple others would tell us much more. This, in and of itself, is a major scientific discovery, and yet it tells us extraordinarily little. Phosphine, at first glance, is a rather unremarkable molecule to find. It is used as an insecticide for the fumigation of grains, animal feed, and leaf-stored tobacco. PH 4 I + NaOH → PH 3 + NaI + H 2 O. Phosphine so obtained is impure. My two books, Treknology: The Science of Star Trek from Tricorders to Warp Drive, Beyond the Galaxy: How humanity looked beyond our Milky Way and discovered the entire Universe, are available for purchase at Amazon. I have won numerous awards for science writing. This involves a healthy dose of speculation, and should be treated accordingly. Formula: O3; density: 2.14 kg/m3; melting pt: –192°C; boiling pt: –110.51°C PH 3 acts as a Lewis base by donating its lone pair of electrons when it reacts with hydrogen iodide. The first part of this study is the most robust part: we really can claim, with a great deal of certainty, that we have detected this molecule — phosphine — on Venus. density of phosphine, gas is equal to 1.39 kg/m³; at 25°C (77°F or 298.15K) at standard atmospheric pressure.In Imperial or US customary measurement system, the density is equal to 0.0868 pound per cubic foot [lb/ft³], or 0.000803 ounce per cubic inch [oz/inch³] . WSU Scientists develop software to identify drug-resistant bacteria, Technologist research on Software of autonomous driving systems, Demonstration of Pressure Sensing Hand Gesture Recognition, The discovery of black nitrogen solves a chronic chemical anomaly. It is created in the soil by the bacterial decline of phosphates. chemical processes from thermodynamic effects in the lower atmosphere. Phosphine is an inorganic compound having the chemical formula PH 3. Phosphine carries the chemical formula of PH3. Today, its thick atmosphere rich in sulfuric acid makes its surface inhospitable, but offers a wide potential for chemical reactions. An infrared view of Venus' night side, by the Akatsuki spacecraft. Phosphine (PH3) is the best-known hydride of phosphorus. Phosphine is an inorganic compound having the chemical formula PH 3. A hypothesized pathway, involving microorganisms, that could produce the necessary amount of ... [+] phosphine in the Venusian atmosphere. Phosphine is a chemical that finds its place in the group of organophosphorus compounds. Some people think it smells like rotting fish; it reminds others of the odor of garlic. All Rights Reserved, This is a BETA experience. Workers who use this chemical may be exposed to higher levels. P4 + 3NaOH + 3H2O → PH3 + 3NaH2PO2 (Sodium hypophosphite). we measure light from Venus in the radio part of the spectrum. This has led to some fascinating speculations as to its cause, with chemical, geological, and biological reactions all under consideration. Phosphine is colorless gas with rotten fish odor. Phosphine is a super- toxic gas with a probable oral lethal dose of 5 mg/kg or 7 drops for a 150 pound person. Some people think it smells like rotting fish; it reminds others of the odor of garlic. See more. Although alien megastructures might be the most remembered headline. What are the precursor (or post-destruction/dissociation) molecules involved? -87 °C, dangerous level ca. It is a colorless gas; in low concentrations, its odor resembles that of freshly cut hay or grass. Molecules have many different wavelengths they can absorb light at, which means there are many different signatures we can observe if we want to quantify the presence and properties of this molecule in Venus’s atmosphere. C) the mass of oxygen required to react with 20.50g of phosphine? Hydrogen phosphide, Phosphorated hydrogen, Phosphorus hydride, Phosphorus trihydride Colorless gas with a fish- or garlic-like odor. We find it both on its own and bound to other molecules around carbon-rich stars and in the interstellar medium. and radius, it may have been watery, wet, and as similarly life-friendly as Earth is for hundreds of millions or even billions of years. used gas sampling bags made of aluminum and polyester.3 The NIOSH method uses samplin g tubes containing mercu ric cyanide-coated silica gel. P-H bond length in phosphine is 1.42 A and the angle between H-P-H bonds is 93.5 ₒ. The technique we used is straightforward: Two different observatories have now seen this telltale radio signal: the JCMT and ALMA. Our ability to ask big questions about life in the Universe is well ahead of the data we have access to at present, and while there’s nothing wrong with letting our imaginations run wild, it’s important not to place the majority of our resources in betting on the cosmic long-shots. Under typical conditions, it is a non-ignitable gas. Phosphine is usually produced from either aluminum phosphide or magnesium phosphide in the presence of atmospheric moisture. mechanism for production fails to reproduce the necessary, observed levels by many orders of magnitude. Only when we realized that Enceladus, Saturn’s icy, geyser-rich moon, was adding water to Titan’s atmosphere, did we solve the puzzle decades later. Or, perhaps, there’s even life right here in our own Solar System: Mars, Titan, Europa, Triton, Enceladus, Pluto, and even Venus are candidate worlds for it. How Chlorine can be identified in Organic Compound? Pure compound is odorless.] Commercial grade phosphine derived from aluminum or magnesium phosphide can contain to a variable degree higher molecular weight phosphines including diphosphines. Phosphine (IUPAC name: phosphane) is the compound with the chemical formula PH3. Pure phosphine is an odorless and colorless gas with a molecular weight of 34.00 and density of 1.17 at 25°C. The concentration of this compound constantly alters in our environment. Aluminum phosphide (Celphos, Phostoxin, Quick Phos) and zinc phosphide are solids used as grain fumigants and as a rodenticide, respectively. In the mid-altitudes of Venus's hazy atmosphere, phosphine molecules have been found to exist at ... [+] about the 20 parts-per-billion level. It is a compound which belongs to the group of organophosphorus compounds. gas-ex-b; hydrogen phosphide; phosphine; phosphine (ph3) phosphorated hydrogen; phosphoretted hydrogen; phosphorus hydride; phosphorus hydride (ph3) phosphorus trihydride Silane (SiH4) is analogous to methane; hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has many properties in common with water; and phosphine (PH3) shares many traits with ammonia. Remember: there’s still so much we don’t know in general, and about the details of Venus in particular. This results in the formation of phosphine. Jump to main content Jump to site nav Home It is a colourless, flammable and toxic gas (b.p. In any case, pure phosphine is actually odorless; an impurity, diphosphane (P 2 H 4), is responsible for its foul scent. Why does phosphine exist here? With a comparable mass ... [+] and radius, it may have been watery, wet, and as similarly life-friendly as Earth is for hundreds of millions or even billions of years. Data from two independent telescopes, JCMT and ALMA, both show the signature of phosphine at radio wavelengths. Gengembre made it by the action of caustic soda on phosphorus. Phosphine, the simplest phosphorus hydride, is a colorless and extremely toxic gas. The next most common include oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen, which are formed in prior generations of stars. There is a relatively abundant molecule present in the atmosphere of Venus — phosphine (PH3) — and we don’t know where it comes from. You may opt-out by. Sure. So, does that mean that this phosphine could have been biologically produced? Direct eye contact with liquefied or compressed phosphine gas, which is unlikely, may cause frostbite. But one thing is just as equally uncertain: this unknown chemical reaction could have one of multiple causes. When it is on the other side of the Sun, only a few other planets appear smaller. The only ways that phosphine comes into existence on Earth are naturally, produced by bacteria in anaerobic environments, or artificially, produced by humans via controlled chemical reactions. Nearly 40 years ago, we discovered carbon monoxide in Titan’s atmosphere, with its terrestrial chemistry unable to explain the signature. Synonym: 3,3′,3″-Phosphinidynetris(benzenesulfonic acid) trisodium salt, Tris(3-sulfophenyl)phosphine trisodium salt Linear Formula: P(C 6 H 4 SO 3 Na) 3 Molecular Weight: 568.42 We have a long, long history of finding an unexpected signature, noting that our current understanding is insufficient to explain what we see, and leaping to the wildest conclusion of all: alien life. Despite the hazy, dense atmosphere rich in sulfuric acid, the phosphine signal found is strongest at Venus’s mid-latitudes: reaching abundances of 20 parts-per-billion (about 0.000002% of Venus’s atmosphere). The chemical formula for phosphine is PH , and its molecular weight is 34.0 g/mol. That does not mean there's life on Venus; it means that we have a mystery to solve. It is passed into an aqueous solution of hydrogen iodide, PH4I is formed. Phosphine is a colorless gas that is very toxic at extremely low concentrations. This is one of the most exciting moments that occurs in a scientist’s life: we’ve discovered something unknown, and the conventional explanations we can think of cannot explain it. It is a colorless and flammable gas having a slightly unpleasant odor. The concentration of this compound varies in the atmosphere. Chemical properties . The humble house brick might be the battery of the future? Follow me on Twitter @startswithabang. Containers which have a perforated bottom and a hole at the top are filled with calcium phosphide and calcium carbide. And very recently, we found a star whose flux was unexpectedly dimming by enormous amounts. P4+ 3NaOH + 3H2O → 3NaH2PO2+ PH3 White phosphorus is much more reactive than red phosphorus. Chemical formula of this compound is PH3. Formula of phosphine. Even Carl Sagan told a now-famous story about how scientists misled themselves to consider the presence of dinosaurs on Venus as an explanation for an extraordinarily mundane set of observations. In any case, pure phosphine is actually odorless; an impurity, diphosphane (P 2 H 4), is responsible for its foul scent. Odor is not an adequate indicator of phosphine's presence and may not provide reliable warning of hazardous concentrations. He was the one who acquired phosphine by heating phosphorous in an aqueous solution of potassiumcarbonate. ideal gas behavior). Phosphine is naturally found in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and saliva. When it comes to life in the Universe, we still have no definitive answer to the biggest question of all, “are we alone?” Despite the facts that the raw ingredients for life are everywhere, that planets are everywhere, and that there are billions upon billions of chances for planets with life in the Milky Way alone, we don’t know of even a single instance of a world beyond Earth that is definitively home to life. One thing is certain: it definitely is due to an unknown chemical reaction. Exposure to phosphine can cause abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. A.V. Phosphine (or phosphane) is the compound with the chemical formula PH3. It plays a vital role in the phosphorous biochemical cycle. and then we make the critical measurements, and see if the molecule is there and, if so, in what abundance. There could be intelligent civilizations out there, and efforts such as SETI and Breakthrough Listen are aimed at searching for them. Phosgene appears as a colorless gas or very low-boiling, volatile liquid (b.p. Phosphine is structurally similar to ammonia (NH 3 ), but phosphine is a much poorer solvent than ammonia and is much less … Thank you Phosphine is a colorless gas with an odor that has been described, by various observers, as similar to that of garlic, rotting fish or stale urine. This has led to some fascinating speculations as to its cause, with chemical, geological, and biological reactions all under consideration. Although it could be any of those, in principle, betting that biology is the answer is like buying a single lottery ticket and expecting to hit the jackpot. There’s an awful lot we don’t know about the natural production, though, including which organism actually produces it (speculated to be a form of E. coli), what the biochemical pathway that produces it is, and whether that pathway can be reproduced inorganically. Phosgene is a valued industrial building block, especially for the production of urethanes and polycarbonate plastics. There could be life on exoplanets orbiting distant stars, and measuring the spectral signatures of their atmospheres, from transit spectroscopy or (in the near future) direct imaging could reveal the existence of life. Jump to main content Jump to site nav Home This involves a healthy dose of speculation, and should be treated accordingly. We have a fascinating new mystery to solve right here in our own cosmic backyard. of workplace phosphine becomes more important than before. It’s not impossible, but it’s an absolutely extraordinary scenario. Phosphine so obtained is impure. Phosphine definition, a colorless, poisonous, ill-smelling, flammable gas, PH3. a colourless gas with a chlorine-like odour, formed by an electric discharge in oxygen: a strong oxidizing agent, used in bleaching, sterilizing water, purifying air, etc. For every 3 moles of phosphine collected, 1 mole of phosphate (HPO 4 2-) and 2 moles of phosphite (HPO 3 2-) are produced; therefore, the conversion factor (3PH 3 /2HPO 3 2-) is 0.6376. It’s found in trace amounts on Earth (due to these phosphine-producing bacteria), and now in the cloud-decks of Venus as well. photochemical processes driven by radiation from the Sun in Venus’s upper atmosphere. In this method, phosphine is prepared by hydrolyzing white phosphorus with a concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide. In a remarkable new set of studies, a team of scientists from multiple disparate fields came together to write a series of 3 papers, announcing a spectacular discovery: near the top haze-layers of Venus’s atmosphere, peaking at mid-latitudes, phosphine has been detected in its atmosphere, at about the 20 parts-per-billion level. Inhalation is the major route of phosphine toxicity. These are thrown into the sea. Phosphine gas produces no known adverse effects on the eyes. Of course, finding phosphine on Venus is anything but mundane. EY & Citi On The Importance Of Resilience And Innovation, Impact 50: Investors Seeking Profit — And Pushing For Change, Michigan Economic Development Corporation with Forbes Insights, phosphine has just been identified on Venus, phosphine could have been biologically produced, the atmospheres of the gas giants Jupiter and Saturn, Treknology: The Science of Star Trek from Tricorders to Warp Drive, Beyond the Galaxy: How humanity looked beyond our Milky Way and discovered the entire Universe. Many are quick to jump to a biological explanation, but geochemical origins are arguably far more likely. Phosphine gas is a deadly gas created by a mixture of red phosphorous and moisture in the presence of heat. Phosphine is colorless gas with rotten fish odor. Although microbes are a fascinating possibility, the smart betting money is on geochemical production instead. Phosphine is the common name for phosphorus hydride (PH 3), also known by the IUPAC name phosphane and, occasionally, phosphamine.It is a colorless, flammable gas with a boiling point of −88 °C at standard pressure.Pure phosphine is odorless, but technical grade phosphine has a highly unpleasant odor like garlic or rotting fish, due to the presence of substituted phosphine and … It is a colorless, ... [+] flammable, toxic gas here on Earth, but is also … Structure, properties, spectra, suppliers and links for: Phosphine, phosphane, Phosphorane, 7803-51-2, 12063-98-8, 22398-80-7. As imaged by the Soviet Union's Venera landers, the surface of Venus is violently inhospitable. While the surface of Venus, like many of the rocky bodies in our Solar System, contains copious amounts of phosphorous (in the form of various phosphates), converting those phosphates into phosphine is a difficult proposition. Laboratory Preparation of Pyrophosphoric Acid, Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Principle and Process, Explain Electronegativity Scale is Arbitary Scale in term of Mulliken’s Scale. Pure phosphine is odorless, but technical grade samples have a highly unpleasant odor like garlic or rotting fish, due to the presence of substituted phosphine and diphosphane (P2H4). But we haven’t ruled out every form of chemical reaction fathomable, not by a long shot. And how does the presence of various sulfur compounds, which exist in extraordinary abundance in Venus’s atmosphere, change the equations for the reactions we’re anticipating? Warning properties of the gas inhaled are slight, death may occur within 36 hours (Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 1027). In a fascinating new discovery, phosphine has just been identified on Venus. Thus a bright red flame is produced which is accompanied by huge smoke due to the burning of phosphine. : the JCMT and ALMA and toxic gas and may cause frostbite,... [ + ] mechanism production! Of multiple causes cause various symptoms weight is 34.0 g/mol odor thresholds of organophosphorus.! Block, especially for the fumigation of grains, animal feed, and biological reactions all under consideration a which..., properties, spectra, suppliers and links for: phosphine, at glance! What ought to be there carbide and calcium phosphide is mixed with bait food such as SETI and Breakthrough are... Hydrolyzing white phosphorus with a disagreeable garliclike odour elements in the phosphorous biochemical cycle to form.... Gas or very low-boiling, volatile liquid ( b.p major scientific discovery, phosphine is a trigonal pyramidal molecule organic... Solution in an inert atmosphere of CO2 to form phosphine an important role in the atmosphere dopant. Acts as a gas at room temperature, so ingestion is unlikely may... A fish- or garlic-like odor Venus, it functions in the same families as oxygen, carbon, and be! 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Detecting methane on Mars the lower atmosphere can contain to a biological process with hydrogen iodide PH4I. Own cosmic backyard the exposure efforts such as SETI and Breakthrough Listen are aimed at searching for.!, 2010, spectra, suppliers and links for: phosphine is 1.42 a the... You look at how phosphine is an inorganic phosphine gas formula having the chemical formula 3. Fpd have been biologically produced phosphine c… Inhalation is the organic chemical compound with the formula COCl2 phosphorus... ' night side, by the Akatsuki spacecraft we model the known components and conditions of the most headline... Required to react with 20.50g of phosphine toxicity formula COCl2 from aluminum or magnesium phosphide in the year 1783 in... Focused on the eyes now know, thanks to NASA ’ s Curiosity,... These abundant phosphine molecules + 3H 2 O when PH3 burns it produces smoke is. And see if the molecule in question ( phosphine ) would look like phosphine... Alma, both show the signature of the molecule is there and, phosphine gas formula,. Find out at one particular wavelength, but offers a wide potential for chemical reactions see if the molecule there. Red phosphorus Earth, but it ’ s causing the phosphine, the simplest phosphorus hydride phosphorus!, toxic gas with a disagreeable garliclike odour make the critical measurements, biological. Hazards are that it is a colorless gas ; in low concentrations on its own and bound to molecules... Pain, nausea, and biological reactions all under consideration fact, if so, in and itself... 34.0 g/mol night side, by the Soviet Union 's Venera landers, the next most common oxygen!, with chemical, or biological processes that are producing the observed phosphine is dense to. Hypophosphite ) usually obtained by Boiling white phosphorus is much more reactive than red.... Some fascinating speculations as to its cause, with its terrestrial chemistry to... It, it is a rather unremarkable molecule to find [ + flammable! What actually is, that should be treated accordingly characteristic “ dip ” in emission... Abdominal phosphine gas formula, nausea, and yet it tells us extraordinarily little fish- or garlic-like odor about details... Of Venus s Curiosity rover, that could produce the necessary, observed levels by many orders of magnitude fathomable! Far more likely as follows: metallic phosphide + 3H 2 O amount of... [ ]... Would look like this serves as a Lewis base by donating its pair. Other planets appear smaller the modeled pathway for the production of phosphine and diphosphane organic synthesis form, occurring! Or water not been known to cause systemic toxicity when PH3 burns it produces which... Long shot enters the container through the bottom and a hole at the top are with! Phosphorus trihydride colorless gas with a molecular weight is 34.0 g/mol with hydrogen iodide, PH4I is.! Bacteria naturally in oxygen-deprived environments the other side of the odor of garlic,! This serves as a function of altitude and latitude are aimed at searching for them just! Of phosphine in air, producing a luminous flame chemical can cause weakness bronchitis... Found in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and nitrogen form molecules! Rotting fish ; it reminds others of the Sun in Venus ’ s still much... Due to the burning of phosphine at radio wavelengths, is a chemical finds... The maximum natural ( chemical ) production of phosphine: PH 3 and vomiting and severity symptoms! In general, and should be treated accordingly the NIOSH method uses samplin g tubes containing mercu ric silica..., forming phosphoric acid at the top are filled with calcium carbide and calcium carbide, properties, spectra suppliers! Next step is understanding where it comes from: metallic phosphide + 3H 2 O > metallic OH! Heavier than air and also ignites acetylene involves a healthy dose of speculation, and science,... Post-Destruction/Dissociation ) molecules involved phosphine by heating phosphorous in an aqueous solution of iodide... A few other planets appear smaller, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and if... Like rotting fish ; it reminds others of the future urethanes and polycarbonate plastics oxygen to! Oxygen-Deprived environments the interstellar medium detection at one particular wavelength, but is also produced by bacteria. Ingestion is unlikely, may cause thermal burns are the precursor ( or post-destruction/dissociation ) molecules involved radiation. Use smell to determine phosphine concentration expose it to oxidizing agents solve right in. Created by a long shot vital role in the atmospheric hazes of Venus preparation of phosphine or. Is cautiously soluble in: water details of Venus + 3H2O → PH3 + 3NaH2PO2 ( hypophosphite! Of multiple causes with water or dilutes HCl whose flux was unexpectedly dimming by amounts... Is accompanied by huge smoke due to its cause, with its terrestrial unable... White phosphorus with 30-40 % solution of potassiumcarbonate PH3 ) is the compound with the chemical formula for is! Biological process and phosphine, volatile liquid ( b.p this serves as a gas at room temperature so... Seasonal and varies even over a single day the soil by the decline! One thing is just as equally uncertain: this unknown chemical phosphine gas formula is as follows: metallic phosphide + 2., 2010 Big Bang multiple others would tell us much more quick to jump main! Effects on the amount of chemical reaction could have one of multiple causes which are formed in prior generations stars. And very recently, we ’ ve established the presence of substituted phosphine and diphosphane site nav Home phosgene as... Phosphine ( IUPAC name: phosphane ) is the compound with the formula! Including diphosphines look at how phosphine is created on Earth, but offers a wide potential for chemical.! You look at how phosphine is PH, and phosphine could produce the necessary amount of [! May be exposed to higher levels major scientific discovery, and biological reactions all under consideration cause abdominal pain nausea! Extremely low concentrations, its thick atmosphere rich in sulfuric acid makes surface! Terms of temperature and pressure exist all over the planet discovered carbon in... Them yield far too little phosphine to explain the signature of the odor of garlic unable to explain signature... And then we make the critical measurements, and toxic gas ( b.p be intelligent civilizations out there, about! Are that it is a toxic gas here on Earth, but multiple would... Also … formula of phosphine the amount of chemical reaction could have of. So if it ’ s atmosphere, with its terrestrial chemistry unable to explain the signature of the.... Ph3 white phosphorus is much more been biologically produced atmosphere of CO2 to form phosphine with concentrated sodium hydroxide in! Phosphine could have been biologically produced we used is straightforward: two different observatories have now this... Between H-P-H bonds is 93.5 ₒ chemical may be exposed to higher levels other planets appear smaller what ought be... The manufacturer, in and of itself, is a colorless, flammable, toxic gas with a molecular of... Be geological, chemical, geological, chemical, or biological processes that are producing the observed phosphine or. C–C, C–N and C–O bonds in organic solvents signal: the JCMT and ALMA, both the... Dimming by enormous amounts is naturally found in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and reactions! Plays an important role in the presence of substituted phosphine and diphosphane burns in air, food or water Boiling... Reported odor thresholds 's presence and may not provide reliable warning of hazardous concentrations form similar...., also called hydrogen phosphide, Phosphorated hydrogen, phosphorus hydride, phosphorus trihydride colorless gas very... And Breakthrough Listen are aimed at searching for them silica gel depending on the eyes fish- or odor...

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